![]() ![]() Bas.read more read lessĪbstract: Cellulose constitutes the most abundant renewable polymer resource available today. The precision of the crystallinity index in terms of the several crystallinity criteria is given. The results indicate that the crystallinity index is a time-saving empirical measure of relative crystallinity. The x-ray "crystallinity index" was correlated with acid hydrolysis crys tallinity, moisture regain, density, leveling-off degree of polymerization values, and infrared absorbance values for each sample. The percent crystalline material in the total cellulose was expressed by an x-ray "crystallinity index." This was done for cotton cellulose decrystallized with aqueous solutions containing from 70% to nominally 100% ethylamine. The intensity of the 002 interference and the amor phous scatter at 2θ = 18° was measured. The influence of fluctuations in the primary radiation and in the counting and recording processes have been determined. The adopted approach is qualified as environmentally friendly for mass-production of organophilic cellulose nanocrystals without any use of organic solvents or toxic reagents.read more read lessĪbstract: An empirical method for determining the crystallinity of native cellulose was studied with an x-ray diffractometer using the focusing and transmission techniques. The effectiveness of ODA grafting was evidenced by the enhanced hydrophobicity and the long-term stability of the colloidal suspension of organophilic cellulose nanocrystals in various organic solvents which enables this material to be used as highly hydrophobic coating and reinforcing agent for solvent-borne nanocomposites systems. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed significant change in the size and shape of the produced nanocrystals. Moreover, CNC-ODA showed improved thermal stability than unmodified MCC as elucidated by TGA. The crystallinity index of the cellulosic materials calculated by the Segal equation from the corresponding X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns was relatively reduced from 83.27% for microcrystalline cellulose to 71.12% for organophilic cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-ODA). FTIR analysis revealed that the long chain hydrocarbon structure was successfully grafted onto CNC surfaces. ![]() The resultant nanocrystals were fully characterized for their chemical structure, morphology, crystalline structure, thermal stability, and surface hydrophobicity. Surface modification of MCC was successfully achieved by simple chemical oxidation followed by citric acid esterification and amidation reactions. Add spinach, vinaigrette, and almonds cook, tossing, just until spinach is wilted, about 1 minute drizzle with lemon juice.Abstract: A novel, environmentally friendly and simple method for chemical functionalization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to produce organophilic cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-ODA) is herein proposed. Add mushrooms and cook, tossing, until softened, about 5 minutes season with salt and pepper. Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Transfer to paper towels season with salt and pepper. Working in batches, coat oysters in egg whites, dredge in flour mixture, then fry, turning, until brown and crisp, about 4 minutes. Beat egg whites in another bowl until soft peaks form. Whisk flour, cornmeal, cornstarch, and Creole seasoning in a medium bowl. Heat vegetable oil over medium-high heat until thermometer registers 350°. Step 4įit a large saucepan with thermometer. Toast almonds in a small dry skillet over medium heat, tossing often, until golden, about 4 minutes let cool. ![]() Mix in vinegar, Worcestershire sauce, and hot sauce season with salt and pepper. Cook butter in a medium saucepan over medium heat, swirling pan occasionally, until it begins to brown and smell nutty, about 4 minutes. ![]()
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